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| Brand Name | Generic Name | Drug Class | Effects on voice or speech |
| Abilify | aripiprazole | atypical antipsychotic | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Accolate | zafirlukast | antihistamine-leukotriene receptor antagonist | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Accupril | quinapril | cardiovascular-ACE inhibitor | Excessive coughing has been associated with the use of ACE inhibitors, which in turn, may lead to hoarseness and possibly vocal tissue damage. |
| Accutane | isotretinoin | antiacne-oral retinoid | Adverse mucocutaneous effects are frequently reported with isotretinoin. Cheilitis (inflammation of the lips) occurs in more than 90% of patients and appears to be dose-related. Other mucocutaneous effects frequently encountered include xerosis, xerostomia , epistaxis, peeling, and pruritus. The mucocutaneous drying effects of isotretinoin are dose-related and are usually reversible following discontinuation. |
| Aciphex | rabeprazole | proton pump inhibitor | These agents have a favorable effect on the voice in that they reduce damage of gastrointestinal reflux (GERD). Uncontrolled acidic spillage of stomach acids into the larynx is harmful to delicate vocal fold tissues. |
| Actonel | risedronate | osteoporosis-bisphosphonate | Adverse effects with oral risedronate during the clinical trials were reported as generally mild and primarily affected the gastrointestinal system. The specific events reported are acid regurgitation (4.1%) including pyrosis (heartburn), flatulence (4.1%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (0.7%), dyspepsia (3.4%), diarrhea (1.4%), abdominal pain (2.1%), and nausea (2.1% ). |
| Actos | pioglitazone | antidiabetic-insulin sensitizer | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Adalat CC | nifedipine | cardiovascular- CCB | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Adderall | amphetamine and dextroamphetamine | stimulant | Adderall may have a drying effect on vocal fold tissues, which can lead to hoarseness, soreness, voice changes and laryngitis. Additionally, dry vocal tissues may be more prone to injuries such as nodules. |
| Advair-diskus | fluticasone and salmeterol | antiasthmatic-steroid/bronchodilation | Patients using inhaled steroids sometimes experience voice changes (including complete loss of voice). The onset of symptoms and severity of symptoms is highly variable among patients. Studies show that discontinuation of inhaled steroids restores the voice in dysphonic patients, but symptoms may not resolve immediately |
| Aldactone | spironolactone | cardiovascular-diuretic | Diuretics have a drying effect on mucous membranes, including those used to speaking and singing. Hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis are possible symptoms. In addition to irritation effects, dry vocal folds may be more prone to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Allegra | fexophenadine | antihistamine | Antihistamines have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Altace | ramipril | cardiovascular-ACE inhibitor | Excessive coughing has been associated with the use of ACE inhibitors, which in turn, may lead to hoarseness and possibly vocal tissue damage. |
| Amaryl | glimepiride | antidiabetic-sulfonylurea | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Ambien | zolpidem | sedative/hypnotic | The use of sedatives may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to sedative use. |
| Amoxil | amoxicillin | antibiotic-penicillin | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Antivert | meclizine | antihistamine | Antihistamines have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Aricept | donepezil | cholinergic function enhancer for Alzheimer’s patients | Infrequent voice and speech effects may include tongue edema, (swelling), pharyngitis (sore throat) and bronchitis. |
| Astelin | azelastine | antihistamine | Antihistamines have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Ativan | lorazepam | antianxiety-benzodiazepine | Less than 1% of patients who take benzodiazepines experience slurred speech and symptoms of dysarthria (slow, uncoordinated speech). |
| Atrovent | ipratropium | antiasthmatic-bronchodilation | Inhaled bronchodilators sometimes dry or irritate tissues in the mouth and throat man may lead to hoarseness, soreness, voice changes or laryngitis. Dry vocal tissues may be more prove to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Augmentin | amoxicillin clavulenate | antibiotic-penicillin | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Avapro | irbesartan | cardiovascular-AGII antagonist | Although excessive coughing has been associated with the use of ACE inhibitors, and to a lesser extent AGII inhibitors, which may lead to hoarseness and possible vocal tissue damage, this effect has NOT been reported with the use of Avapro. |
| Avelox | moxifloxacin | antibiotic-fluoroquinolone | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Avodart | dutasteride | BPH-5 alpha reductase inhibitor | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Axid | Nizatidine | gastrointestinal-H2 blocker | Two effects exist: 1) the antihistamine component has a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more prone to injuries, such as nodules. 2) However, this medication may benefit the voice if it is taken to reduce acidity of gastroesophageal reflux. Uncontrolled spillage of stomach acids into the larynx is harmful to delicate vocal fold tissues. |
| Azmacort | triamcinolone | antiasthmatic-steroid inhaled | Patients using inhaled steroids sometimes experience voice changes (including complete loss of voice). The onset of symptoms and severity of symptoms is highly variable among patients. Studies show that discontinuation of inhaled steroids restores the voice in dysphonic patients, but symptoms may not resolve immediately |
| Bactrim | sulfamethox/trimethoprin | antibiotic-sulfa | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Bactroban | mupirocin | antibiotic | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Benadryl | diphenhydramine | antihistamine | Antihistamines have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Benicar | olmesartan | cardiovascular-AGII antagonist | An infrequently reported adverse reaction is coughing, which in turn, may cause hoarseness and possible vocal tissue damage. |
| Bentyl | dicyclomine | antispasmotic | The following adverse effects are frequently associated with the use of anticholinergic agents, such as dicyclomine, at both therapeutic and subtherapeutic levels: blurred vision, cycloplegia, mydriasis, photophobia, anhidrosis, xerostomia (dry mouth), urinary retention, sinus tachycardia, palpitations, and constipation. Saliva substitutes may be administered to relieve dry mouth. |
| Biaxin | clarithromycin | antibiotic-macrolide | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Boniva | ibandronate | osteoporosis-bisphosphonate | Adverse events of the digestive system were reportedly the most common reason for withdrawal from clinical trials of orally administered ibandronate. In addition to dyspepsia, other reported adverse events included: constipation (2.5—4%), diarrhea (6.8% ibandronate vs. 5% placebo), esophagitis , gastritis (2.2% vs. 1.9%), pharyngitis (2.5% vs. 1.5%), and nausea/vomiting (2.7% vs. 2.1%). |
| Botox | botulinum toxin type A | OnabotulinumtoxinA | Indicated for treatment of blepharospasms. Side effects can include increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections, cough, bronchitis, and possible dry mouth. |
| Buspar | buspirone | antianxiety | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Byetta | exenatide | antidiabetic-incretin mimetics | Other notable GI events included diarrhea (13% vs. 6% placebo) and dyspepsia (6% vs. 3% placebo). Anorexia (reported as decreased appetite) and gastroesophageal reflux were also reported in 1—5% of patients and at a higher rate than placebo |
| Caduet | amlodipine/ atorvastatin | cardiovascular-CCB/statin | Calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine should be used cautiously in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or hiatal hernia associated with reflux esophagitis. The drugs relax the lower esophageal sphincter. Note that voice production can be adversely affected by GERD. |
| Calan | verapamil | cardiovascular-CCB | Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil should be used cautiously in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or hiatal hernia associated with reflux esophagitis. The drugs relax the lower esophageal sphincter. Note that voice production can be adversely affected by GERD. |
| Cardizem CD | diltiazem | cardiovascular- CCB | Calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem should be used cautiously in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or hiatal hernia associated with reflux esophagitis. The drugs relax the lower esophageal sphincter. Note that voice production can be adversely affected by GERD. |
| Cardura | doxazosin | cardiovascular-alpha blocker | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Catapres | clonidine | cardiovascular-alpha agonist | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Ceftin | cefuroxine | antibiotic-cephalosporin | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Cefzil | cefprozil | antibiotic-cephalosporin | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Celebrex | celecoxib | analgesic-NSAID- COX 2 inhibitor | Less common GI effects (0.1—1.9% incidence) that occurred with celecoxib regardless of causality included anorexia, constipation, diverticulitis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hemorrhoids, hiatal hernia, melena, stomatitis and xerostomia. |
| Celexa | citalopram | antidepressant-SSRI | Increased cough and gastroesophageal reflux have been reported , both of which can adversely affect the voice. Rarely, asthma, laryngitis, bronchospasm or sputum increase may occur |
| Chantix | varenicline | nicotine receptor agonist | Among the most common (> 5%, and twice the rate seen in placebo) adverse reactions to varenicline were constipation and flatulence. Other common adverse reactions (>= 1% and at least 0.5% more than placebo) include abdominal pain (including discomfort, tenderness, distension), anorexia, appetite stimulation, asthenia, dysgeusia, dyspepsia, dyspnea, gastroesophageal reflux , malaise, rhinorrhea, and xerostomia. |
| Cialis | tadalafil | ED-phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 5 inhibitor | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Cipro | ciprofloxacin | antibiotic-fluoroquinolone | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Claritin | loratadine | antihistamine | Antihistamines have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Cleocin | clindamycin | antibiotic | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Climara | estradiol | hormone-estrogen topical | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Clomid | clomiphene | nonsteroidal fertility agent | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| codeine sulfate | codeine sulfate | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Combivent | ipratropium/albuterol | antiasthmatic-bronchodilation | Inhaled bronchodilators sometimes dry or irritate tissues in the mouth and throat man may lead to hoarseness, soreness, voice changes or laryngitis. Dry vocal tissues may be more prove to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Concerta | methylphenidate | stimulant | Complaints of xerostomia or dysgeusia may be limited by sucking sugarless hard candy, crushed ice, and drinking plenty of water or other fluids. |
| Coreg | carvedilol | cardiovascular-alpha and beta blocker | Beta-blockers can cause bronchospasm, dyspnea, or wheezing in patients with asthma or pulmonary disease . Non-selective beta-blockers such as carvedilol are more likely than selective agents to precipitate bronchospasm. Patients with preexisting bronchospastic disease are at greater risk. Two cases of death from status asthmaticus have been reported in patients receiving single doses of carvedilol. Rare post-marketing reports describing interstitial pneumonitis associated with carvedilol therapy do exist. |
| Coumadin | warfarin | anticoagulant | Vocal performers, particularly, should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. |
| Covera-hs | verapamil | cardiovascular-CCB | Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil should be used cautiously in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or hiatal hernia associated with reflux esophagitis. The drugs relax the lower esophageal sphincter. Note that voice production can be adversely affected by GERD. |
| Cozaar | losartan | cardiovascular-AGII antagonist | An infrequently reported adverse reaction is coughing, which in turn, may cause hoarseness and possible vocal tissue damage. |
| Crestor | rosuvastatin | cardiovascular-statin | The manufacturer provides the following adverse events which occurred in >= 2% of patients receiving rosuvastatin vs. placebo during pre-marketing trials (regardless of causality): pharyngitis (9% vs. 7.6% placebo), headache (5.5% vs. 5%), diarrhea (3.4% vs. 2.9%), dyspepsia (3.4% vs. 3.1%), nausea/vomiting (3.4% vs. 3.1%), muscle pain (2.8% vs. 1.3%), asthenia (2.7% vs. 2.6%), back pain (2.6% vs. 2.4%), flu-like syndrome (2.3% vs/ 1.8%), urinary tract infection (2.3% vs. 1.6%), rhinitis (2.2% vs. 2.1%), and sinusitis (2% vs. 1.8% |
| Cycrin | medroxyprogesterone | hormone-progestin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Cymbalta | duloxetine | antidepressant -Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor | Pharyngitis has been reported frequently during duloxetine administration (9% vs. 5% placebo). In clinical trials, cough was reported in 3—6% of those on duloxetine versus 3% of those receiving placebo. |
| Darvocet-n | propoxyphene/acetaminophen | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Daypro | oxaprozin | analgesic-NSAID | Those who use their voices rigorously should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. |
| Decadron | dexamethasone | steroid-glucocorticoid | Dexamethaxone’s effect is advantageous when used shrink swollen vocal tissues, although patients taking dexamethasone should be carefully monitored by a physician. It is not advised for patients with vocal fold ulcers, hemorrhages, or acute laryngitis. |
| Deltasone | prednisone | steroid-glucocorticoid | Prednisone’s effect is advantageous when used shrink swollen vocal tissues, although patients taking prednisone should be carefully monitored by a physician. It is not advised for patients with vocal fold ulcers, hemorrhages, or acute laryngitis. |
| Depakote | valproic acid | antiseizure | Anticonvulsants may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to their use. |
| Desyrel | trazodone | antidepressant | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Detrol | tolterodine | anticholinergic-overactive bladder | Adverse effects consistent with the actions of antimuscarinic agents and reported in < 1% of patients treated with tolterodine in controlled clinical studies were confusion, gastroesophageal reflux , and flushing of the skin. |
| Diabeta | glyburide | antidiabetic-sulfonylurea | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Diflucan | fluconazole | antifungal | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Dilantin | phenytoin | antiseizure | Anticonvulsants may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to their use. |
| Dilaudid | hydromorphone | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Diovan | valsartan | cardivascular-AGII antagonist | Excessive coughing has been associated with the use of ACE inhibitors, or to a lesser extent AGII inhibitors, which in turn, may lead to hoarseness and possibly vocal tissue damage. |
| Dolophine | methadone | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Doryx | doxycycline | antibiotic-tetracycline | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Duragesic | fentanyl | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Dyazide | hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene | cardiovascular-diuretic | Diuretics have a drying effect on mucous membranes, including those used to speaking and singing. Hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis are possible symptoms. In addition to irritation effects, dry vocal folds may be more prone to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Effexor | venlafaxine | antidepressant-Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor | Effexor may have a drying effect on the body, including vocal fold tissues, which can lead to hoarseness, soreness, voice changes or laryngitis. Additionally, dry vocal tissues may b e more prone to injuries such as nodules. |
| Elavil | amitriptyline | antidepressant- TCA | Tricyclic antidepressants may affect coordination, including the speech production system. Slow or slurred speech may be observed. They also have a drying effect on vocal fold tissues, which can lead to hoarseness, soreness, voice changes or laryngitis. Additionally, dry vocal tissues may be more prone to injuries such as nodules. |
| Erytab | erythromycin | antibiotic-macrolide | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Eskalith | lithium | bipolar disorder-monovalent cation | Dry mouth may occur with lithium treatment. Slurred speech may indicate need for dose adjustment. |
| Estrace | estradiol | hormone-estrogen | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Estraderm | estradiol | hormone-estrogen topical | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Estring | estradiol vaginal ring | hormone-estrogen | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Fastin | phentermine | stimulant | Dry mouth may occur. |
| Fioricet | butalbital/APAP/caffeine | analgesic-barbituate-pain combo | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Flagyl | metronidazole | antibiotic | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Flexeril | cyclobenzaprine | antispasmotic | The use of muscle relaxers may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to sedative use. Muscle relaxers may affect coordination, including the speech production system. Slow or slurred speech may be observed. They also have a drying effect on vocal fold tissues, which can lead to hoarseness, soreness, voice changes or laryngitis. Additionally, dry vocal tissues may be more prone to injuries such as nodules. |
| Flomax | tamsulosin | BPH-alpha blocker | Rarely, use of Flomax may cause pharyngitis (sore throat) or increased cough. Excessive coughing may lead to hoarseness and possible vocal tissue damage. |
| Flonase | fluticasone | antiallergy-steroid topical | Throat irritation and dryness, cough, hoarseness and voice changes are all possible adverse reactions. |
| Flovent | fluticasone | antiallergy-steroid topical | Patients using inhaled steroids sometimes experience voice changes (including complete loss of voice). The onset of symptoms and severity of symptoms is highly variable among patients. Studies show that discontinuation of inhaled steroids restores the voice in dysphonic patients, but symptoms may not resolve immediately. |
| Fosamax | alendronate | osteoporosis-bisphosphonate | Adverse effects with oral risedronate during the clinical trials were reported as generally mild and primarily affected the gastrointestinal system. The specific events reported are acid regurgitation (4.1%) including pyrosis (heartburn), flatulence (4.1%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (0.7%), dyspepsia (3.4%), diarrhea (1.4%), abdominal pain (2.1%), and nausea (2.1% ). |
| Gardasil | HPV vaccine | vaccine | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Geodon | ziprasidone | atypical antipsychotic | Dry mouth may occur. |
| Glucophage | metformin | antidiabetic-oral biguanide agent | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Glucotrol | glipizide | antidiabetic-sulfonylurea | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Humalog | insulin lispro | antidiabetic-insulin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Humulin-N | insulin isophane (human) | antidiabetic-insulin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Humulin-R | insulin regular | antidiabetic-insulin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Hydrodiurel | hydrochlorothiazide | cardiovascular-diuretic | Diuretics have a drying effect on mucous membranes, including those used to speaking and singing. Hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis are possible symptoms. In addition to irritation effects, dry vocal folds may be more prone to injuries, |
| Hytrin | terazosin | cardiovascular-alpha blocker | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Hyzaar | losartan/HCTZ | cardiovascular-AGII antagonist/diuretic | An infrequently reported adverse reaction is coughing, which in turn, may cause hoarseness and possible vocal tissue damage. Diuretics have a drying effect on mucous membranes, including those used to speaking and singing. Hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis are possible symptoms. In addition to irritation effects, dry vocal folds may be more prone to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Imdur | isosorbide mononitrate | cardiovascular-vasodilator | Voice related effects may occur, including vocal tissue dryness (which, in addition to irritation effects, may be more prone to injuries, such as nodules). Bronchitis, bronchospasm and pharyngitis (sore throat) are other possible effects. |
| Imitrex | sumatriptan | antimigrane | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Inderal | propranolol | cardiovascular-beta blocker | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Indocin | indomethacin | analgesic-NSAID | Those who use their voices rigorously should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. |
| Januvia | sitagliptin | antidiabetic-dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Kariva | desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol | hormone-birth control | The use of oral contraceptives has not been shown to significantly affect female voices. |
| Keflex | cephalexin | antibiotic-cephalosporin | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Keppra | levetiracetam | antiseizure | Anticonvulsants may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to their use. |
| Klonopin | clonazepam | antianxiety-benzodiazepine | Less than 1% of patients who take benzodiazepines experience slurred speech and symptoms of dysarthria (slow, uncoordinated speech). |
| Klor Con | potassium chloride | supplement | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lamictal | lamotrigine | antiseizure | Anticonvulsants may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to their use. |
| Lamisil | terbinafine | antifungal | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lanoxin | digoxin | cardiovascular-digitalis inotropic agent | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lantus | insulin glargine | antidiabetic-insulin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lasix | furosemide | cardiovascular-diuretic | Diuretics have a drying effect on mucous membranes, including those used to speaking and singing. Hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis are possible symptoms. In addition to irritation effects, dry vocal folds may be more prone to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Lescol | fluvastatin | cardiovascular-statin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Levaquin | levofloxacin | antibiotic-fluoroquinolone | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Levemir | insulin detemir | antidiabetic-insulin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Levitra | vardenafil | ED-phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 5 inhibitor | Gastrointestinal (GI) adverse reactions occurring in at least 2% of patients taking vardenafil film-coated tablets and more frequently than placebo included dyspepsia (4% vs 1%) and nausea/vomiting (2% vs 1%). Dyspepsia also occurred in 2.8% of patients receiving the orally disintegrating tablets. GI effects that occurred in less than 2% of patients included abdominal pain, diarrhea, dysphagia, esophagitis, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux , vomiting, and xerostomia. |
| Levothroid | levothyroxine | hormone-thyroid replacement | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Levoxyl | levothyroxine | hormone-thyroid replacement | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lexapro | escitalopram | antidepressant-SSRI | Xerostomia occurred in 4% of patients receiving 10 mg, versus 3% on placebo. Xerostomia (9%) at least doubled in incidence when the 20 mg dose was utilized. |
| Lipitor | atorvastatin | cardiovascular-statin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lodine | etodolac | analgesic-NSAID | Those who use their voices rigorously should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. |
| Lopid | gemfibrizil | cardiovscular-lipid reduction | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lopressor | metoprolol tartrate | cardiovascular-beta blocker | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lortab | hydrocodone/acetaminophen | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Lotensin | benazepril | cardiovascular-ACE inhibitor | Excessive coughing has been associated with the use of ACE inhibitors, which in turn, may lead to hoarseness and possibly vocal tissue damage. |
| Lotrel | amolodipine/benazepril | cardiovascular-CCB/ACEi combo | Calcium channel blockers such as amolodipine should be used cautiously in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or hiatal hernia associated with reflux esophagitis. The drugs relax the lower esophageal sphincter. Note that voice production can be adversely affected by GERD. Excessive coughing has been associated with the use of ACE inhibitors, which in turn, may lead to hoarseness and possibly vocal tissue damage. |
| Lotrisone | clotrimoxazole/betamethasone | antifungal/steroid topical | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lovaza | omega-3-acid ethyl esters | omega 3 fatty acid | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lumigan | bimatoprost | antiglaucoma-synthetic prostamide | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lunesta | eszopiclone | sedative/hypnotic | The use of sedatives may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to sedative use. |
| Lupron | leuprolide | hormonal antaganist | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Lyrica | pregabalin | antiseizure | Anticonvulsants may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to their use. |
| Macrobid | nitrofurantoin | antibiotic-nitrofuran | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Medrol | methylprednisolone | steroid-glucocorticoid | Methylprednisolone’s effect is advantageous when used shrink swollen vocal tissues, although patients taking methylprednisolone should be carefully monitored by a physician. It is not advised for patients with vocal fold ulcers, hemorrhages, or acute laryngitis. |
| Mevacor | lovastatin | cardiovascular-statin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Miacalcin | calcitonin salmon | osteoporosis- | Adverse reactions reported by 3% or more patients using intranasal calcitonin were rhinitis (12%), nasal symptoms (12%), epistaxis (3.5%), headache (3.2%), and sinusitis (2.3%). Nasal symptoms were the most commonly reported and cover a wide variety of symptoms such as crusting, nasal dryness, redness or erythema, infection, itching, nasal congestion, stenosis, and uncomfortable feeling and soreness across the bridge of the nose. Nasal irritation is mild to moderate in 95% of cases. Nasal symptoms were often only reported once and usually improved with continued use or discontinuation. |
| Micronase | glyburide | antidiabetic-sulfonylurea | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Miralax | polyethylene glycol 3350 | laxative-osmotic | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Mirapex | pramipexole | antiparkinson-dopamine agonist | Dry mouth may occur. |
| Mirena | levonorgestrel-releasing intruterine system | hormone-birth control | The use of oral contraceptives has not been shown to significantly affect female voices. |
| Mobic | meloxicam | analgesic-NSAID | Those who use their voices rigorously should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. Less common GI effects (< 1% incidence) that occurred with meloxicam regardless of causality included: colitis, xerostomia (dry mouth), peptic ulcer disease (duodenal or gastric ulcer), eructation, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux, GI bleeding (hemorrhagic duodenal or gastric ulcer), hematemesis, melena, pancreatitis, GI perforation (perforated duodenal or gastric ulcer, intestinal perforation), and stomatitis, including oral ulceration. |
| Monopril | fosinopril | cardiovascular-ACE inhibitor | Excessive coughing has been associated with the use of ACE inhibitors, which in turn, may lead to hoarseness and possibly vocal tissue damage. |
| Motrin | ibuprofen | analgesic-NSAID | Those who use their voices rigorously should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. |
| MS-Contin | morphine sulfate | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Naprosyn | naproxen | analgesic-NSAID | Those who use their voices rigorously should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. |
| Nasonex | mometasone | antiallergy-steroid topical | Throat irritation and dryness, cough, hoarseness and voice changes are all possible adverse reactions. Rarely, oral or nasal candidiasis may occur. |
| Neurontin | gabapentin | antiseizure | Anticonvulsants may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to their use. |
| Nexium | esomeprazole | proton pump inhibitor | These agents have a favorable effect on the voice in that they reduce damage of gastrointestinal reflux (GERD). Uncontrolled acidic spillage of stomach acids into the larynx is harmful to delicate vocal fold tissues. |
| Nitrostat | nitroglycerin | cardiovascular-nitrate-vasodilation | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Nolvadex | tamoxifen | hormone-antiestrogen | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Norco | hydrocodone/acetaminophen | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Norvasc | amlodipine | cardiovascular-CCB | Calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine should be used cautiously in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or hiatal hernia associated with reflux esophagitis. The drugs relax the lower esophageal sphincter. Note that voice production can be adversely affected by GERD. |
| Nuvaring | etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring | hormone-birth control | The use of oral contraceptives has not been shown to significantly affect female voices. |
| nystatin | nystatin | antifungal | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Oxycontin | oxycodone | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Paxil | paroxetine | antidepressant-SSRI | Paxil may have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
| penicillin-vk | penicillin | antibiotic-penicillin | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Pepcid | famotidine | gastrointestinal-H2 blocker | Two effects exist: 1) the antihistamine component has a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more prone to injuries, such as nodules. 2) However, this medication may benefit the voice if it is taken to reduce acidity of gastroesophageal reflux. Uncontrolled spillage of stomach acids into the larynx is harmful to delicate vocal fold tissues. |
| Percocet | oxycodone/acetaminophen | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Phenergan | promethazine | antinausea-phenothiazine | Antihistamines have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Plan-b | levonorgestrel | hormone-birth control | The use of oral contraceptives has not been shown to significantly affect female voices. |
| Plavix | clopidogrel | cardiovascular-platelet aggregation inhibitor | Those who use their voices rigorously should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. |
| Plendil | felodipine | cardiovascular-calcium channel blocker | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Pravachol | pravostatin | cardiovascular-statin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| prednisone | prednisone | steroid-glucocorticoid | Prednisone’s effect is advantageous when used shrink swollen vocal tissues, although patients taking prednisone should be carefully monitored by a physician. It is not advised for patients with vocal fold ulcers, hemorrhages, or acute laryngitis. |
| Premarin | congugated estrogens | hormone-estrogen | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Prempro | congugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone | hormone-estrogen/progestin combo | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Prevacid | lansoprazole | proton pump inhibitor | These agents have a favorable effect on the voice in that they reduce damage of gastrointestinal reflux (GERD). Uncontrolled acidic spillage of stomach acids into the larynx is harmful to delicate vocal fold tissues. |
| Prilosec | omeprazole | proton pump inhibitor | These agents have a favorable effect on the voice in that they reduce damage of gastrointestinal reflux (GERD). Uncontrolled acidic spillage of stomach acids into the larynx is harmful to delicate vocal fold tissues. |
| Prinivil | lisinopril | cardiovascular-ACE inhibitor | Excessive coughing has been associated with the use of ACE inhibitors, which in turn, may lead to hoarseness and possibly vocal tissue damage. |
| Procardia | nifedipine | cardiovascular-calcium channel blocker | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Prometrium | progesterone | hormone-progestin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Protonix | pantoprazole | proton pump inhibitor | These agents have a favorable effect on the voice in that they reduce damage of gastrointestinal reflux (GERD). Uncontrolled acidic spillage of stomach acids into the larynx is harmful to delicate vocal fold tissues. |
| Proventil | albuterol | antiasthmatic-bronchodilation | Inhaled bronchodilators sometimes dry or irritate tissues in the mouth and throat man may lead to hoarseness, soreness, voice changes or laryngitis. Dry vocal tissues may be more prove to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Provera | medroxyprogesterone | hormone-progestin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Provigil | modafinil | stimulant | Bronchospasm (i.e., asthma), dyspnea, epistaxis, pharyngitis , rhinitis may occur. |
| Prozac | fluoxetine | antidepressant-SSRI | Prozac may have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Pulmicort-respules | budesonide | antiasthmatic-steroid inhaled | Patients using inhaled steroids sometimes experience voice changes (including complete loss of voice). The onset of symptoms and severity of symptoms is highly variable among patients. Studies show that discontinuation of inhaled steroids restores the voice in dysphonic patients, but symptoms may not resolve immediately |
| Reglan | metoclopramide | antinausea-phenothiazine | Pseudoparkinsonism may develop including bradykinesia, tremor, cogwheel rigidity, and mask-like facies. The parkinsonian-like symptoms generally subside within 2—3 months following the discontinuation of metoclopramide. Tardive dyskinesia has been reported with long-term and high-dose use and especially among patients being treated for longer than 3 months. Tardive dyskinesia includes symptoms such as repetitive and involuntary movements of the extremities, lip smacking, grimacing, tongue protrusion, rapid eye movements, blinking, puckering and pursing of the lips, or impaired movement of the fingers. The symptoms are often irreversible and there is no known treatment. Tardive dyskinesia occurs more frequently in elderly patients, especially females. Although tardive dyskinesia is more likely to occur after prolonged therapy or high dosage, relatively brief therapy has been associated with this effect as well. |
| Relafen | nabumetone | analgesic-NSAID | Those who use their voices rigorously should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. |
| Remeron | mirtazepine | antidepressant-piperazinoazepines | Dry mouth may occur. |
| Restoril | temazepam | sedative/hypnotic | The use of sedatives may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to sedative use. |
| Rhinocort-Aqua | budesonide | antiallergy-steroid topical | Throat irritation and dryness, cough, hoarseness and voice changes are all possible adverse reactions. Rarely, oral or nasal cadidiasis may occur. |
| Risperdal | risperadone | atypical antipsychotic | Risperdal may have adverse effects on speech, including difficulty in articulating words. |
| Ritalin | methylphenidate | stimulant | Complaints of xerostomia or dysgeusia may be limited by sucking sugarless hard candy, crushed ice, and drinking plenty of water or other fluids. |
| Robaxin | methocarbamol | antispasmotic | Muscle relaxants have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. The use of sedatives may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to sedative use. |
| Roxicodone | oxycodone | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Septra | sulfamethox/trimethoprin | antibiotic-sulfa | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Serevent | salmeterol | antiasthmatic-bronchodilation | Inhaled bronchodilators sometimes dry or irritate tissues in the mouth and throat man may lead to hoarseness, soreness, voice changes or laryngitis. Dry vocal tissues may be more prove to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Seroquel | quetiapine | atypical antipsychotic | Among the most frequent adverse events associated with the use of quetiapine is xerostomia . In clinical trials for schizophrenia, xerostomia was reported in 7% of patients receiving immediate-release quetiapine. In clinical trials of immediate-release quetiapine, rhinitis was reported in 3% of quetiapine treated patients, and was among adverse effects that occurred in more than 2% of patients treated with active drug and were reported more frequently than in placebo-treated patients. Treatment-emergent adverse effects as reported in clinical trials of patients with bipolar depression which occurred in at least 5% of patients and with an incidence greater than placebo included nasal congestion (5% vs. 3%). |
| Serzone | nafazodone | antidepressant | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Sinemet | carbodopa/levodopa | antiparkinson-dopamine agonist | Dyskinesia and sporadic movements are the most common of the serious effects of carbidopa; levodopa therapy and include choreiform reaction and dystonic reaction. These effects occur in up to 80% of patients receiving levodopa therapy for >= 3 years. Involuntary movements, including chewing, bruxism, gnawing, twisting, protrusion of the tongue, opening and closing the mouth, bobbing of the head, rhythmic movements of the feet or hands, quick movements of the shoulder, and ballismus, have been reported and may necessitate dosage reduction. Blepharospasm (which may indicate toxicity), muscle twitching, ataxia, myoclonia during sleep, and hand tremor also have been reported. |
| Singulair | montelukast | antiasthmatic-leukotriene receptor antagonist | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Skelaxin | metaxalone | antispasmotic | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. The use of sedatives may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to sedative use. |
| Soma | carisoprodol | antispasmotic | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. The use of sedatives may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to sedative use. |
| Spiriva | tiotropium | anticholinergic-COPD | The incidence of xerostomia with tiotropium use is roughly 10%. As with most anticholinergic agents, constipation may occur if significant amounts of tiotropium are absorbed. Post-marketing reports indicate that other gastrointestinal related effects have occurred including dysphagia, epistaxis, hoarseness, GI obstruction (e.g., paralytic ileus), oral candidiasis, and throat irritation although the exact incidences of these adverse reactions have not been established. |
| Strattera | atomoxetine | stimulant | Dry mouth may occur. |
| Suboxone | buprenorphine/naloxone | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Sumycin | tetracycline | antibiotic-tetracycline | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Synthroid | levothyroxine | hormone-thyroid replacement | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Tagamet | cimetidine | gastrointestinal-H2 blocker | Two effects exist: 1) the antihistamine component has a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more prone to injuries, such as nodules. 2) However, this medication may benefit the voice if it is taken to reduce acidity of gastroesophageal reflux. Uncontrolled spillage of stomach acids into the larynx is harmful to delicate vocal fold tissues. |
| Tamiflu | oseltamivir | antiviral | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Tegretol | carbemazepine | antiseizure | Anticonvulsants may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to their use. |
| Tenormin | atenolol | cardiovascular-beta blocker | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Tiazac | diltiazem | cardiovascular-calcium channel blocker | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Timoptic | timolol ophthalmic | antiglaucoma-beta blocker | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Topamax | topiramate | antiseizure | Anticonvulsants may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to their use. |
| Toprol-XL | metoprolol succinate | cardiovascular-beta blocker | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Toradol | ketorolac | analgesic-NSAID | Those who use their voices rigorously should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. |
| Treximet | sumatriptan/naproxen | migraine treatment | Those who use their voices rigorously should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. |
| Tricor | fenofibrate | cardiovascular-fibrate | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Trileptal | oxcarbazepine | antiseizure | Anticonvulsants may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to their use. |
| Trusopt | dorzolamide ophth sol | anti glaucoma | The possibility of systemic adverse reactions to dorzolamide is small, but there have been occasional reports of headache, nausea, asthenia, fatigue, skin rash, and urolithiasis. Contact dermatitis, xerostomia (dry mouth), epistaxis, and throat irritation have been reported during post-market surveillance. |
| Tussionex | hydrocodone/guifenesin | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Tylenol | acetaminophen | analgesic | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Tylenol-codeine | acetaminophen/codeine | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Ultracet | tramadol/acetaminophen | analgesic | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Ultram | tramadol | analgesic | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Valium | diazepam | antianxiety-benzodiazepine | Less than 1% of patients who take benzodiazepines experience slurred speech and symptoms of dysarthria (slow, uncoordinated speech). |
| Valtrex | valacyclovir | antiviral | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| vancomycin | vancomycin | antibiotic-glycopeptide | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Vasotec | enalapril | cardiovascular-ACE inhibitor | Excessive coughing has been associated with the use of ACE inhibitors, which in turn, may lead to hoarseness and possibly vocal tissue damage. |
| Viagra | sildenafil | ED-phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 5 inhibitor | Adverse reactions affecting hearing or otic special senses and occurring in < 2% of patients in controlled clinical trials of sildenafil include hearing loss, otalgia, and tinnitus. In addition, 29 reports of sudden changes in hearing including hearing loss or decrease in hearing, usually in 1 ear only, have been reported to the FDA during post-marketing surveillance in patients taking sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil; the reports are associated with a strong temporal relationship to the dosing of these agents. Many times, the hearing changes are accompanied by vestibular effects including dizziness, tinnitus, and vertigo. Follow-up has been limited in many of the reports; however, in approximately one-third of the patients, the hearing loss was temporary. Concomitant medical conditions or patient factors may play a role, although risk factors for the onset of sudden hearing loss have not been identified. Patients should be instructed to contact their physician if they experience changes in hearing. |
| Vicodin | hydrocodone/acetaminophen | analgesic-narcotic | Narcotics may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to narcotic use. |
| Vistaril | hydroxyzine | antihistamine | Antihistamines have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Voltaren | diclofenac | analgesic-NSAID | Those who use their voices rigorously should be cautious about using medications that decrease platelet function during periods of strenuous voicing demands, due to an increased possibility of vocal fold hemorrhage. |
| Vytorin | simvastatin/ezetimibe | cardiovascular-statin/lipid reduction | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Vyvanse | lisdexamfetamine | stimulant | Dry mouth may occur. |
| Wellbutrin | buproprion | antidepressant-aminoketone | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Xalatan | latanoprost | antiglaucoma-synthetic prostamide | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Xanax | alprazolam | antianxiety-benzodiazepine | Less than 1% of patients who take benzodiazepines experience slurred speech and symptoms of dysarthria (slow, uncoordinated speech). |
| Xenical | orlistat | gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Xyzal | levocetirizine | antihistamine | Antihistamines have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Zanaflex | tizanidine | antispasmotic | Dry mouth may occur. The use of sedatives may produce an uninhibited or diminished drive to speak. Symptoms of dysarthria (slow, slurred and uncoordinated speech movements) may also be linked to sedative use. |
| Zantac | ranitidine | gastrointestinal-H2 blocker | Two effects exist: 1) the antihistamine component has a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more prone to injuries, such as nodules. 2) However, this medication may benefit the voice if it is taken to reduce acidity of gastroesophageal reflux. Uncontrolled spillage of stomach acids into the larynx is harmful to delicate vocal fold tissues. |
| Zestoretic | lisinopril/HCTZ | cardiovascular-ACE inhibitor/diuretic | Two adverse reactions are possible: 1) excessive coughing has been associated with the use of ACE inhibitors, which in turn, may lead to hoarseness and possible vocal tissue damage; and 2) the diuretic component may have a drying effect on mucous membranes, including those used for speaking and singing. Hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes and laryngitis are possible symptoms. In addition to irritation effects, dry vocal folds may be more prone to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Zestril | lisinopril | cardiovascular-ACE inhibitor | Excessive coughing has been associated with the use of ACE inhibitors, which in turn, may lead to hoarseness and possibly vocal tissue damage. |
| Zetia | ezetimibe | cardiovascular-lipid reduction | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Ziac | bisoprolol/HCTZ | cardiovascular-beta blocker/diuretic | Diuretics have a drying effect on mucous membranes, including those used to speaking and singing. Hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis are possible symptoms. In addition to irritation effects, dry vocal folds may be more prone to injuries, |
| Zithromax | azithromycin | antibiotic-macrolide | In general, no effects on voice or speech mechanisms are associated with antibiotic use. It should be noted, however, that antibiotic abuse/misuse can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the body, possibly leading to laryngeal thrush. |
| Zocor | simvastatin | cardiovascular-statin | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Zoloft | sertraline | antidepressant-SSRI | Zoloft may have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
| Zovirax | acyclovir | antiviral | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Zyban | buproprion | antidepressant-aminoketone | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Zyloprim | allopurinol | antigout | No effects on voice or speech mechanisms have been reported. |
| Zyprexa | olanzepine | atypical antipsychotic | Infrequent effects may include coughing, pharyngitis (sore throat), or (non-defined) voice alterations |
| Zyrtec | cetirizine | antihistamine | Antihistamines have a drying effect on mucous membranes that may cause hoarseness, sore throat, voice changes or laryngitis. In addition to irritation, dry vocal folds may be more proven to injuries, such as nodules. |
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